Many species of birds are known for their colorful plumage. Brilliant red cardinals, vibrant bluejays, and the flashy and stunning peacock are all easily identified by their colors. But what about their white feathered counterparts? How can you tell the difference between an albino bird and one that is simply lacking in color?
Color can be deceiving in the avian world, especially in cold climates where many birds can be white feathered for camouflage. The most reliable way to tell if you’re seeing a true albino is to check the eyes of the bird, which will be red or pink. Caused by a genetic defect that interferes with the ability to produce the pigment melanin, albino animals lack the chemical makeup to produce black or brown in their fur, skin, or feathers.
Birds also can suffer a different kind of whitewashing called leucism. Birds with leucism can produce melanin, but it doesn’t carry through into their feathers. These birds will be pale in comparison to their more colorful counterparts, but their eyes will be of a normal color for their species. Birds with a patchy or “pied” coloration have partial leucism.
Birds can even swing to the opposite end of the spectrum, producing so much melanin that their feathers turn completely black. This condition is called melanism. But don’t expect all albino birds to be completely white. Just to add to the confusion, bird feathers also contain a substance called carotenoids. These are responsible for red and yellow tones. An albino Northern Cardinal, for example, can still have elements of its signature crimson coat. It’s the eyes that are the giveaway to a true albino. Take note on your next birdwatching expedition — that rare white bird you’re so excited about may be albino or leucistic after all.
Images via johnomason, SarahB-
