In a survival situation in which you are dealing with frigid weather, it is imperative to shelter for the night. Every outdoor enthusiast should know the basics of constructing an effective snow shelter. In winter it is impossible to know what weather conditions may occur, even if snow is not expected.
It is important to find a good site for the shelter. A firm snow drift or bank that is more than six feet deep is ideal, but even a place where the snow is looser and more powdery may be used. Snow compacts itself and hardens when it is disturbed, so if there is too little snow for an effective shelter it is possible to construct a makeshift drift by finding a hill that is covered with snow, and then pushing the snow down the hill to pile at the bottom. Let the snow set for half an hour and then proceed.
Once a site and enough snow has been found, and it has been compacted and hardened, dig out a vertical hole that is about four feet wide from the ground up. A folding shovel is best for this but a snowshoe, ski, or stick can also be used.
When the entrance is finished begin on the interior by digging a dome-shaped area that is wider and higher than the entrance. Though it is possible to build a shelter for several people, a shelter for one or two people is more stable. When the interior space is hollowed out, use the loose snow to pack for a sleeping platform. This should be about 18-20 inches high, wider than a sleeping bag and as long as need be for the intended occupant.
After the sleeping platforms are finished, cover them with some insulating material such as grass, evergreen boughs, or backpacking pads. Top that with a sleeping bag. Give the snow a chance to settle and harden further before using it for sleep.
If your snow shelter is constructed properly it will keep you warm, dry, and safe from the elements, as well as provide a place for you to get some rest until you can get back to civilization.
Images via Laurel Fan, vtdeacon
