When enjoying a refreshing glass of water, few people think about the parasites that could be lurking in it. This is because, in developed countries, tap water is processed to ensure the eradication of such contaminants before it hits your sink. However, untreated water, such as water from a stream, river, or pond, can contain thousands of different parasites. Many of these organisms can be quite dangerous. That is why it is extremely important to not just filter, but to purify your water if it came from a natural source before ingesting it. While the type of parasite may differ depending on geographic location, here are 3 you definitely don’t want to mess around with.
Guinea Worm
One of the most fascinating, if completely revolting, water parasites is Dracunculus medinensis, also called the guinea worm. These worms are native to Africa, but a sub-species has been identified in North America. Guinea worms start life as small larvae that reside inside even smaller water fleas or copepods (small crustaceans). These creatures are extremely hard to see, so they’re often swallowed by mistake. Once inside a person’s digestive system, the fleas or copepods die and the guinea worm larvae become free to grow. About three months later, a male and female of the species mate. The male dies, but the female continues to grow.
The female, which will continue to grow until it’s between two and three feet long, gradually moves down through the connective tissues. This movement causes a severe burning sensation. When the worm reaches the leg or foot, it begins to emerge. A blister forms and the worm breaks the skin. You must then slowly pull it out. Usually, you can gradually wrap guinea worms around a stick. It can take anywhere between several hours and several weeks to completely pull out the worm.
Cryptosporidium
Another type of parasite found in untreated water is Cryptosporidium. This one is found worldwide. This parasite invades the intestines. The disease caused by this parasite, called Cryptosporidiosis, can cause cramps, fever, diarrhea, dehydration, and sometimes pancreatitis. Symptoms generally last between two and four weeks. Generally, these parasites and their related symptoms are not life-threatening. However, those with immunodeficiency syndromes may have more trouble recovering.
Related: Easy DIY Charcoal Water Filter
Giardia
Giardia lamblia is another common type of water parasite. Although they are most often found in untreated water, they are resistant to water purifying practices, and may also be present in “clean” water. However, they are most commonly ingested by campers or hikers who mistakenly believe that clear streams or rivers are safe to drink from.
A Giardia lamblia infection can cause many gastrointestinal issues such as cramps, vomiting and loss of appetite. For the most part, the infection is extremely uncomfortable but not life-threatening. It usually disappears within a few weeks, but doctors use drugs to treat severe cases.
Featured Image from Jon Grogan/Unsplash
