Humans have been figuring out how to stay warm in cold conditions for thousands of years. Animal fur — and practices passed down through generations — kept us warm. Now, highly technical gear discovered through research in the most unforgiving conditions helps us push the limits of human performance. It’s through this research and real-life trials that we’ve come to master the layering system.
Overall, layering is structured to keep you warm while whisking moisture off your skin so it doesn’t leave you feeling muggy. It’s also meant to ensure the gear designed to insulate operates at peak performance. If you mess up the layering process in the wrong conditions, you’re not going to be a happy hiker.
How to Use the Layering System to Stay Warm
Base Layers
As the name suggests, your base layer is the first to go on and will touch the skin. Due to this, it’s important to get it right. You’re going to want a fabric that will wick away moisture from your skin, keep you warm, and be as odorless as possible. These three things mean you won’t feel “wet” while hiking and will keep you from smelling. You have two options: wool and synthetics. Wool stays warm even when wet and has anti-odor properties which allow you to wear it for a day at a time without the risk of smelling. Synthetics, on the other hand, aren’t natural materials but are lighter, which means it dries faster. My recommendation is to buy wool. It’s more expensive, yet it will last you for years. And because it’s odorless for longer periods, you’ll be able to wear the same shirt over and over again.
Down and Fleece
This is your warm zone! Whether it’s a down jacket, a comfy fleece, or a hoodie, the goal is to retain heat. Your warmest option is going to be a down jacket made from goose feathers. These puffy jackets will help keep you warm well below freezing and are lightweight and packable. Synthetic down jackets are the next best and will be less expensive due to using manufactured material. They, however, still perform well. If you’re looking for a 40-50 degree option, going with fleece is perfect. You won’t burn up and it also won’t break the bank. I favor down jackets as it’s one item I know I can trust. I’d rather be too warm than too cold on my adventure.
Outer shell
The outer shell is the final piece of the layering puzzle. It’s meant to keep you dry and warm — full stop. If it’s not, you have faulty equipment. Keep your eye out for GoreTex weather sealing. Your outer shell can come in various degrees. For some, it’ll be a straight rain jacket. These are not too heavy or warm, but keeps you dry in the PNW rain. For others, in more inclement weather (think a heavy snowstorm in the Canadian Rockies), your outer shell should be heavier and stronger to push back against freezing temperatures and snow/sleet. The last option is just to keep you warm from the wind. This will be the lightest option and is usually used for nice days that are colder, yet not wet. Thankfully, there are plenty of options to choose from that will give you the protection you need to help you stay out for as long as you can.
Going Forward
With fall and winter on their way, some may be nervous to head out into cold weather. Doing something new can always be a bit scary but there’s no need to feel that way! By sticking to an effective layering system, you will have done everything you need to stay warm and have a great time outdoors. Grab your pack, hit the trails, and have a wonderful time exploring!
Article and Photos by Alec Sills-Trausch
Alec is a photographer, writer, and avid hiker who enjoys pushing the limits to find incredible destinations. He hopes through his work to inspire others to get outside and to respect planet earth so future generations can enjoy it just the same. He’s also a cancer survivor, hoping to use his voice to show that you can have a wonderful life after the treatment.
